查找辅助信息

查看系统及版本

>cat /etc/issue
>cat /etc/*-release
>cat /etc/lsb-release      # Debian based
>cat /etc/redhat-release   # Redhat based
>cat /proc/version
>uname -a
>uname -mrs
>rpm -q kernel
>dmesg | grep Linux
>ls /boot | grep vmlinuz-

查看环境变量

>cat /etc/profile
>cat /etc/bashrc
>cat ~/.bash_profile
>cat ~/.bashrc
>cat ~/.bash_logout
>env
>set

查看应用/服务

>ps aux
>ps -ef
>top
>cat /etc/services
>ps aux | grep root
>ps -ef | grep root

查看安排的工作

>crontab -l
>ls -alh /var/spool/cron
>ls -al /etc/ | grep cron
>ls -al /etc/cron*
>cat /etc/cron*
>cat /etc/at.allow
>cat /etc/at.deny
>cat /etc/cron.allow
>cat /etc/cron.deny
>cat /etc/crontab
>cat /etc/anacrontab
>cat /var/spool/cron/crontabs/root

查看通讯/网络配置

>/sbin/ifconfig -a
>cat /etc/network/interfaces
>cat /etc/sysconfig/network
>cat /etc/resolv.conf
>cat /etc/sysconfig/network
>cat /etc/networks
>iptables -L
>hostname
>dnsdomainname
>lsof -i
>lsof -i :80
>grep 80 /etc/services
>netstat -antup
>netstat -antpx
>netstat -tulpn
>chkconfig --list
>chkconfig --list | grep 3:on
>last
>w

嗅探/监听流量

>tcpdump tcp dst 192.168.1.7 80 and tcp dst 10.5.5.252 21

查看日志文件

>cat /etc/httpd/logs/access_log
>cat /etc/httpd/logs/access.log
>cat /etc/httpd/logs/error_log
>cat /etc/httpd/logs/error.log
>cat /var/log/apache2/access_log
>cat /var/log/apache2/access.log
>cat /var/log/apache2/error_log
>cat /var/log/apache2/error.log
>cat /var/log/apache/access_log
>cat /var/log/apache/access.log
>cat /var/log/auth.log
>cat /var/log/chttp.log
>cat /var/log/cups/error_log
>cat /var/log/dpkg.log
>cat /var/log/faillog
>cat /var/log/httpd/access_log
>cat /var/log/httpd/access.log
>cat /var/log/httpd/error_log
>cat /var/log/httpd/error.log
>cat /var/log/lastlog
>cat /var/log/lighttpd/access.log
>cat /var/log/lighttpd/error.log
>cat /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.access.log
>cat /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.error.log
>cat /var/log/messages
>cat /var/log/secure
>cat /var/log/syslog
>cat /var/log/wtmp
>cat /var/log/xferlog
>cat /var/log/yum.log
>cat /var/run/utmp
>cat /var/webmin/miniserv.log
>cat /var/www/logs/access_log
>cat /var/www/logs/access.log
>ls -alh /var/lib/dhcp3/
>ls -alh /var/log/postgresql/
>ls -alh /var/log/proftpd/
>ls -alh /var/log/samba/